Tables / People & Society
Dual citizenship — keep both?
Can a citizen of A become a citizen of B and keep both citizenships?
- How to read a cell
- Whether someone from country A who becomes a citizen of country B can keep both passports. Two rules decide it: A may take its citizenship away from people who take another, and B may ask new citizens to give up the old one. 'Depends' means one of the rules has exceptions or needs a permit — hover to read them. This is about ordinary naturalisation after living in B; marriage or descent routes can differ. “No data” means the source has no figure for that pair — the note in the cell says why; “not applicable” means the question does not arise for that pair.
- Reliability
- medium-high — two rules from the GLOBALCIT Citizenship Law Dataset v3.0 (laws in force on 1 January 2024): what A does when its citizen takes another citizenship, and whether B makes new citizens give up their old one; reforms in force since then (Germany, June 2024 …) applied from official sources; ordinary naturalisation by residence only — marriage, descent and investment routes can differ
- Answered
- 98 % of 39,402 directed cells have an answer; the rest say why not
- Refresh
- yearly, and on every change of a nationality law
- Credit
- Source: GLOBALCIT Citizenship Law Dataset v3.1 (EUI), CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ — adapted by CountryPair: codes read as keep / lose / depends, reforms after 1 January 2024 added — licence
One country against all others
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Hover a line for its note, or switch the notes on.
The table
Rows are country A, columns country B; the two-letter codes are the usual country codes (AM = Armenia, DE = Germany…). Hover a cell to see the full value and its note. A dash means “no” or “nothing recorded”; a striped cell means either “no data” (the source has no figure for this pair — the note says why) or “not applicable” (the question makes no sense for this pair, for example a sea route for two landlocked countries). “All regions” on both sides shows the whole table.