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Tables / History, Culture & Language

Former colonial rule

Did A rule B as a colony (or B rule A), or were they one state before?

How to read a cell
→ A was the last colonial power of B · ← B of A · → earlier / ← earlier = an earlier colonial power (≥25 years, ended after 1750) · = one state before (empire, union, split state) · — none
Reliability
medium — published rule (whole/main territory; occupation and partial annexation not counted) over CEPII 2011 raw coding with own corrections; sensitive cases carry a dated note in the cell
Coverage
100 % of 39,402 directed cells have a known answer
Refresh
compute once; the rule and the list of excluded cases are published with the table
Credit
Source: CountryPair — licence
Source: CEPII GeoDist (Mayer & Zignago 2011), Etalab 2.0 — licence

One country against all others

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Hover a line for its note, or switch the notes on.

The table

Rows are country A, columns country B; two-letter codes are ISO country codes. Hover a cell for the full value and its note. “–” none recorded or never played · “?” unknown · “·” not applicable (both striped). “All regions” on both sides gives the full table.