Tables / Geography, Climate & Time
Where it is warmer — mean annual temperature
How much warmer (+) or colder (−) is it, over a year, where people live in A than where people live in B — and between the two capitals?
- How to read a cell
- How much warmer (+) or colder (−) a year is where people live in A than where people live in B, in degrees: +5.0 °C means A is on average 5 degrees warmer. After the dot, the same for the two capitals; ≈ means at least one capital has no long-running weather station and its temperature is an estimate. The averages are over 1991–2020 and over the whole year — a country can be warmer on average and still have colder winters. Hover to see each country's and each capital's own temperature. “No data” means the source has no figure for that pair — the note in the cell says why; “not applicable” means the question does not arise for that pair.
- Reliability
- medium-high — 1991–2020 annual means. Where people live: every town of 1 000+ people in GeoNames, weighted by its population, takes the normal of a GHCN-Monthly v4 weather station within 15 km (moved to the town's height at 6.5 °C per km) or, without one, the CRU TS v4.09 grid value moved to the town's height; people outside these towns are represented by the population-weighted grid series of the Weighted Climate Dataset (CRU TS × GPWv4), in proportion to their share of the national population (World Bank). Capitals: the nearest GHCN-M station within 25 km with every month present in at least 15 of the 30 years (152 capitals); the other 47 are estimates (≈). The height-corrected grid estimate was checked against 13 590 station normals: typical error 1.1 °C, 1.7 °C above 1 500 m, larger between high mountains and the sea (Santiago, Beirut, Bishkek run 3–5 °C warm). A grid series alone runs 2–4 °C cold in mountain countries (Lebanon, Armenia, Montenegro), which is why towns and stations lead
- Answered
- 100 % of 39,402 directed cells have an answer; the rest say why not
- Refresh
- every 10 years (next normal 2001–2030); recompute when GHCN-M or CRU TS release a new version
- Credit
- Source: NOAA NCEI, GHCN-Monthly v4 — licence
- Places and populations: GeoNames (CC BY 4.0) — licence
- Climatic Research Unit (University of East Anglia) and Met Office, CRU TS v4.09 (Open Government Licence) — licence
- Relief: NOAA ETOPO5 — licence
- Source: Weighted Climate Dataset (Gortan et al. 2024), CRU TS × GPWv4 — licence
- Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0) — licence
One country against all others
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Hover a line for its note, or switch the notes on.
The table
Rows are country A, columns country B; the two-letter codes are the usual country codes (AM = Armenia, DE = Germany…). Hover a cell to see the full value and its note. A dash means “no” or “nothing recorded”; a striped cell means either “no data” (the source has no figure for this pair — the note says why) or “not applicable” (the question makes no sense for this pair, for example a sea route for two landlocked countries). “All regions” on both sides shows the whole table.